Molecular Orbital calculations of m-dichlorobenzene
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AM1 geometry optimization bond lengths
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AM1 geometry optimization gave a bond length value of 1.7 angstroms
between C-Cl bonds, 1.1 angstroms between C-H bonds,
and 1.4 angstroms or 1.39 angstroms between carbon bonds. The bond
length between carbon bonds varies slightly due to the high
electronegativity of chlorine present. The literature bond length value
for C-Cl bond is 1.77 angstroms, for C=C bond is 1.34 angstroms, for C-C
bond is 1.54 angstroms, and for H-C bond is 1.08 angstroms.³
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PM3 geometry optimization bond lengths
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PM3 geometry optimization gave a bond length value of 1.7 angstroms between C-Cl bonds, 1.1 angstroms between C-H bonds,
and 1.4 angstroms or 1.39 angstroms between carbon bonds. The bond
length between carbon bonds varies slightly due to the high
electronegativity of chlorine present.
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6-21G geometry optimization bond lengths
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6-21G geometry optimization gave a bond length value of 1.81 angstroms
between C-Cl bonds, 1.07 angstroms between C-H bonds, and 1.38 angstroms
between carbon bonds.
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6-31G geometry optimization bond lengths
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6-31G geometry optimization gave a bond length value of 1.81 angstroms between
C-Cl bonds, 1.07 angstroms between C-H bonds, and 1.38 angstroms or 1.39 angstroms
between carbon bonds. The bond
length between carbon bonds varies slightly due to the high
electronegativity of chlorine present.
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DZV geometry optimization bond lengths
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DZV geometry optimization gave a bond length value of 1.8 angstroms
between C-Cl bonds, 1.07 angstroms between C-H bonds, and 1.39 angstroms
between carbon bonds.
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Highest occupied molecular orbital of m-dichlorobenzene
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This is the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at orbital 37.
Orbital 37 was chosen for the HOMO because m-dichlorobenzene has a total
number of 74 electrons, and the number of total electrons was divided
by two.
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Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of m-dichlorobenzene
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This is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at orbital 38.
Orbital 38 was chosen as the LUMO because the HOMO is in orbital 37.
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The electrostatic potential of m-dichlorobenzene
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This is the electrostatic potential of m-dichlorobenzene. The red area
represents the lowest electrostatic potential and the blue area
represents the highest electrostatic potential. Intermediate colors
represent intermediate potentials.
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Partial atomic charges on each atom in m-dichlorobenzene
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The partial atomic charge on each atom is shown in the diagram on the
left. The values of the partial charges on each atom were created by
symmetrical distribution of electrons in the chemical bonds.
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Vibrational hydrogen stretch of m-dichlorobenzene
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The vibrational hydrogen stretch of the m-dichlorobenzene molecule can be visualized in the diagram on the right.
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Vibrational hydrogen wiggle of m-dichlorobenzene
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The vibrational hydrogen wiggle of the m-dichlorobenzene molecule can be visualized in the diagram on the left.
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Vibrational carbon wobble of m-dichlorobenzene
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The vibrational carbon wobble of the m-dichlorobenzene molecule can be visualized in the diagram on the right.
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Vibrational hydrogen jiggle of m-dichlorobenzene
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The vibrational hydrogen jiggle of the m-dichlorobenzene molecule can be visualized in the diagram on the left.
A reference IR spectrum for m-dichlorobenzene can be found at NIST.
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The experimental dipole
moment (Db) for m-dichlorobenzene is 1.233658 using AM1 geometry
optimization. The literature value is 1.73.³ There was an error of 28.7%
in the experimental dipole moment value compared to literature.
Table 1: Summary of the frequencies of UV visible absorption calculated from significant oscillator strengths
The literature range of UV visible absorption is
from 166.7-229.4 nm.4 The calculated values, table 1, are reasonably far
below the minimum of the literature range. This discrepancy suggests
that the quantum calculations for m-dichlorobenzene are of questionable
validity.
Based on template by A. Herráez as modified by J. Gutow
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