Once the molecule file is fully loaded, the image at right will become live. At that time the "activate 3-D" icon
will disappear.
The optimized geometries for Bromine are shown below. There were
only 2 levels of theory that were calculated. The bond length of Br
2 is 180 degrees. The literature value of 2.281 angstroms was
closely related to the 6-31G level of theory value of 2.41 angstroms.
6-31G was the lowest level of theory obtained for geometry optimization.
Which also shown the closed bond length to the literature value.
HOMO stands for highest occupied molecular orbital. The orbital was
determined by taking the total number of electrons and dividing by two.
That orbital was found out to be number 35
LUMO is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. It was determined to
be orbital 36 which is the next orbital where if there was enough energy
put into the molecule it would become an excited state.
Table 1: Bonding orbitals and their types
Types of Bonding
|
Orbital
|
Sigma
|
|
Anti-Sigma
|
|
P-Sigma
|
|
Pi
|
|
Pi Anti
|
|
The final calculated value for
the vibrational frequency using DZV theory came out to be 310.02 cm
-1. The NIST website for Br
2 gave a value of 325
cm
-1
The figures below are calculated potential energy curves, as level of
theory calculations go up the lower the lowest potential energy is.
Figure 1: 6-31G Energy plot
Figure 2: DZV Energy Plot
There is no dipole moment in this molecule so there were no dipole calculations needed to be done.
Based on template by A. Herráez as modified by J. Gutow
Using directory /Users/student/Desktop/AN_Website
adding JmolPopIn.js
...jmolApplet0
...adding 6-31G_Bond_Length.png
copying and unzipping jsmol.zip directory into /Users/student/Desktop/AN_Website
...adding 6-31G_Bond_Length.spt
...jmolApplet1
...adding DZV_Bond_Length.png
copying and unzipping jsmol.zip directory into /Users/student/Desktop/AN_Website
...adding DZV_Bond_Length.spt
...jmolApplet2
...adding HOMO.png
copying and unzipping jsmol.zip directory into /Users/student/Desktop/AN_Website
...adding HOMO.spt
...jmolApplet3
...adding LUMO.png
copying and unzipping jsmol.zip directory into /Users/student/Desktop/AN_Website
...adding LUMO.spt